What Is Cancer?

Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell growth and uncontrolled division, leading to tissue destruction and spread (metastasis) to other body parts, often termed "advanced-stage cancer."

Risk Factors for Cancer

1. Internal Factors:

   • Aging.

   • Genetic predisposition.

   • Weakened immune system.

   • Hormonal changes.

2. External Factors:

   • Smoking and alcohol consumption.

   • High-fat, processed diets.

   • HPV infection (linked to cervical cancer).

   • Radiation, chemical exposure, and pollution.

Types of Cancer and Affected Body Parts

1. Cervical Cancer:

   • Caused by HPV types 16/18.

   • Risks: Early sexual activity, multiple partners, smoking.

   • Leading cause of cancer death in Thai women.

2. Colorectal Cancer:

   • Risks: Smoking, alcohol, obesity, red/processed meat, family history.

   • Screening: Annual fecal occult blood tests for ages 50+; colonoscopy if abnormal.

3. Oral Cancer:

   • Affects tongue, cheeks, lips, gums.

   • Symptoms: Sores, lumps, red/white patches, facial numbness.

4. Bladder Cancer:

   • Common in men aged 50–70.

   • Symptoms: Blood in urine, pain during urination.

5. Ovarian Cancer:

   • Symptoms: Chronic bloating, pelvic pain, abdominal masses.

6. Prostate Cancer:

   • 4th most common cancer in men.

   • Abnormal cell growth in the prostate gland.

7. Lymphoma:

   • Affects the lymphatic system.

   • Risks: Weakened immunity, chemical exposure, genetics.

8. Breast Cancer:

   • Most common cancer in Thai women.

   • Risks: Age, family history, obesity, alcohol, early menstruation (<12) or late menopause (>55).

9. Liver and Bile Duct Cancer:

   • Liver Cancer: Hepatitis B/C, cirrhosis, aflatoxins, alcohol.

   • Bile Duct Cancer: Chronic inflammation, liver fluke infection (from raw freshwater fish).

10. Lung Cancer:

    • Leading global cause of cancer deaths.

    • Symptoms: Chronic cough, bloody sputum, shortness of breath, fatigue.

Prevention and Early Detection

• Regular screenings: Pap smears (cervical), mammograms (breast), colonoscopies (colorectal).

• Lifestyle changes: Quit smoking, limit alcohol, maintain a healthy weight.

• Vaccination: HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.

Conclusion
Early detection through routine screenings and healthy lifestyle choices can significantly reduce cancer risks. Consult specialists at Synphaet Hospital for personalized care and prevention strategies.