What Is the XBB.1.16 (Arcturus) Variant?

XBB.1.16, nicknamed Arcturus, is a subvariant of Omicron classified by the WHO as a "variant under monitoring." It has spread globally, with notable surges in India.

How Contagious Is XBB.1.16 Compared to Previous Variants?

• Increased Transmissibility:
  XBB.1.16 has three key spike protein mutations (E180V, K478R, S486P), enhancing its ability to bind to human cells.

  • Spreads 1.5–2 times faster than earlier Omicron subvariants (e.g., BA.2, BA.5).

  • More immune-evasive, even among vaccinated or previously infected individuals.

Unique Symptoms of XBB.1.16

While typical COVID-19 symptoms persist (fever, cough, sore throat, loss of smell), Arcturus is linked to:

• Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye):

  • Red, itchy eyes.

  • Excessive eye discharge.

  • Rare in earlier variants but now reported in 10–20% of cases.

Who Is at High Risk for Severe Illness?

The "608 Group" remains most vulnerable:

• Age 60+.

• Chronic conditions:

  • Respiratory/heart disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke, obesity, cancer, diabetes.

• Pregnant women (≥12 weeks gestation).

• Unvaccinated individuals or those without prior infection.

High-risk patients should seek antiviral treatment (e.g., Paxlovid) immediately if infected.

Prevention and Recommendations

• Vaccination: Ensure booster doses for updated immunity.

• Hygiene: Masking in crowded areas, handwashing.

• Early Testing: Isolate if symptomatic.

Conclusion
XBB.1.16 spreads faster and causes unique eye-related symptoms. While most cases are mild, high-risk groups must stay vigilant.