Cyanide is a highly toxic chemical found in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms (e.g., hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide). It is used in industries like mining, paper production, plastics, and synthetic leather. Cyanide also occurs naturally in plants such as raw cassava, fresh bamboo shoots, and some beans. When ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, cyanide disrupts cellular function by blocking oxygen use, leading to life-threatening organ failure.

Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning

Cyanide starves cells of oxygen, particularly affecting the brain and cardiovascular system. Severity depends on the type, dose, and exposure duration:

• Irritation at the contact site (skin/eyes).

• Dizziness, nausea, vomiting.

• Difficulty breathing, slow/shallow breaths.

• Weakness, confusion, loss of consciousness.

• Seizures, low blood pressure.

• Respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest.

Treatment for Cyanide Poisoning

1. Supportive Care:

   • Clear airways, provide oxygen.

   • Administer IV fluids and blood pressure stabilizers.

   • Correct acidosis or seizures with medications.

2. Antidotes:

   • Sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate counteract cyanide’s effects.

First Aid for Cyanide Exposure

• Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash with soap and water.

• Eye exposure: Rinse with clean water for 10+ minutes.

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately.

• If unconscious/unresponsive: Perform hands-only CPR (do NOT use mouth-to-mouth to avoid self-exposure).

• Seek emergency care immediately.