Many expectant mothers, upon learning of their pregnancy, seek information about potential health conditions. One common concern is “gestational diabetes” (GDM), a condition that can occur at any stage of pregnancy but is most often diagnosed between weeks 24–28. It arises when the placenta produces hormones causing insulin resistance, which harms both the mother and fetus. Complications include macrosomia (large baby), neonatal hypoglycemia, preeclampsia, and abnormal amniotic fluid levels. However, early and accurate diagnosis allows effective management, easing anxieties.

Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes

1. Family history of diabetes.

2. Obesity before pregnancy.

3. Elevated blood glucose levels.

4. High triglycerides.

5. Maternal age 35+ years.

Symptoms of Gestational Diabetes

GDM often shows no obvious symptoms, but signs may include:

• Excessive hunger/thirst.

• Frequent urination.

• Fatigue.
  These mimic general pregnancy discomforts, so screening tests are critical.

Complications of Gestational Diabetes

• Congenital heart defects in the baby if diabetes existed pre-pregnancy.

• Fetal macrosomia (excessive growth) due to high maternal glucose, raising risks of birth injuries.

• Neonatal hypoglycemia: After birth, the baby’s insulin remains high while glucose supply drops abruptly, causing dangerously low blood sugar, electrolyte imbalances, or even death.

Managing Nutrition During Pregnancy

If diagnosed:

1. Dietary control: Limit carbohydrates, avoid fried foods, and prioritize low-sugar fruits/vegetables and lean proteins.

2. Glucose monitoring: Track pre- and post-meal blood sugar levels.

3. Insulin therapy: Administered if glucose exceeds safe thresholds.

Importance of Prenatal Care

Do not delay prenatal visits! Screening for GDM starts at the first antenatal check-up via blood tests. Early detection enables timely intervention.