Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Early detection is critical for effective treatment. Understanding its risk factors and warning symptoms enables prompt medical consultation, diagnosis, and intervention.

Risk Factors for Lung Cancer

• Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.

• Air pollution: Vehicle exhaust, PM2.5 dust.

• Carcinogen exposure: Asbestos, nickel, chromium.

• Chronic lung diseases: Tuberculosis, emphysema.

• Age: Risk increases with age.

• Genetics.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

• Chronic cough.

• Coughing up blood-stained phlegm.

• Shortness of breath, fatigue.

• Abnormal breathing sounds.

• Chest pain, hoarseness.

• Loss of appetite, unexplained weight loss.

• Frequent lung infections.

• Difficulty swallowing (if cancer compresses the esophagus).

• Swelling in the face, neck, or arms (due to compressed veins).

• Metastasis-related symptoms:

  • Bone pain (if spread to bones).

  • Weakness or paralysis (if spread to the brain).